具有阻止毒物吸收和緩解毒效作用的藥物,主要分為一般性解毒藥和特異性解毒藥兩大類(lèi)。
一般性解毒藥根據(jù)其作用方式的不同,又可分為物理性和化學(xué)性兩類(lèi)。物理性解毒藥包括吸附藥如活性炭、粘膜保護(hù)藥如淀粉糊、蛋清和牛奶以及沉淀劑如鞣酸溶液等。化學(xué)性解毒藥則包括氧化劑如高錳酸鉀、中和劑如醋酸溶液、氫氧化鋁凝膠和碳酸氫鈉溶液,還有沉淀劑如碘酒水溶液和硫酸酮水溶液等。
特異性解毒藥的具體應(yīng)用詳見(jiàn)專(zhuān)門(mén)條目。
| 中文名稱 | 英文名稱 | CAS號(hào) | 化學(xué)式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 谷胱甘肽 | GLUTATHIONE | 70-18-8 | C10H17N3O6S |
| 納洛酮 | Naloxone | 465-65-6 | C19H21NO4 |
| 納曲酮 | Naltrexone | 16590-41-3 | C20H23NO4 |
| 鹽酸納洛酮 | naloxone hydrochloride | 357-08-4 | C19H21NO4*ClH |
| 鹽酸納曲酮 | naltrexone Hydrochloride | 16676-29-2 | C20H23NO4*ClH |
| 甲磺酸去鐵敏 | deferoxamine mesylate | 138-14-7 | CH3O3S*C25H49N6O8 |
| 氨磷汀三水合物 | Amifostine trihydrate | 112901-68-5 | C5H21N2O6PS |
| 氨磷汀一水物 | amifostine trihydrate | 63717-27-1 | C5H15N2O3PS*3H2O |
| 氨磷汀 | amifostine | 20537-88-6 | C5H15N2O3PS |
| 氫溴酸烯丙嗎啡 | 17-allyl-4,5α-epoxy-morphin-7-ene-3,6α-diol; hydrobromide | 1041-90-3 | BrH*C19H21NO3 |
| 氟馬西尼 | flumazenil | 78755-81-4 | C15H14FN3O3 |
| 巰基乙胺 | Cysteamine | 60-23-1 | C2H7NS |
| 四氫氨基吖啶 | tacrine monohydrochloride | 1684-40-8 | C13H14N2*ClH |
| 吡啶-2-甲醛肟氯甲烷鹽 | pralidoxime chloride | 51-15-0 | C7H9N2O*Cl |
| 去鐵胺 | deferoxamine | 70-51-9 | C25H48N6O8 |
| 亞甲基藍(lán) | Methylene Blue trihydrate | 7220-79-3 | C16H24ClN3O3S |
| 亞甲基藍(lán) | methylene blue | 7220-79-3 | C16H18N3S*Cl*3H2O |
| 二硫化四乙基秋蘭姆 | disulfiram | 97-77-8 | C10H20N2S4 |
| 二巰基丙磺酸鈉 | 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonic acid | 74-61-3 | C3H8O3S3 |
| 二巰丁二鈉 | Sodium dimercaptosuccinate | 71799-86-5 | C4H5NaO4S2 |
| 二乙烯三胺五醋酸 | diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid | 67-43-6 | C14H23N3O10 |
| 乙酰胺 | acetamide | 60-35-5 | C2H5NO |
| 乙二胺四乙酸 | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | 60-00-4 | C10H16N2O8 |
| 三乙烯四胺 | triethylentetramine | 112-24-3 | C6H18N4 |
| N-羥乙基乙二胺三乙酸 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid | 150-39-0 | C10H18N2O7 |
| N,N-二甲基-N'-苯磺酰胺 | N,N-Dimethyl-N'-phenylsulfamid | 4710-17-2 | C8H12N2O2S |
| D-青霉胺 | 3,3-dimethyl-D-cysteine | 771431-20-0 | C5H11NO2S |
| 9-胺-1,2,3,4-四氫鹽酸氯酯 | tacrin | 321-64-2 | C13H14N2 |
| 2,3-二巰基丙磺酸鈉 | 4076-02-2 | C3H8NaO3S3 | |
| 2,3-二巰基丁二酸 | 2,3-dimercapto-succinic acid | 2418-14-6 | C4H6O4S2 |
| 2,3-二巰基-1-丙醇 | 2,3-dimercaptopropanol | 59-52-9 | C3H8OS2 |
| —— | Metalcaptase | 52-67-5 | C5H13NO2S |
| —— | 1-methyl-2-(nitrosomethylidene)pyridine;iodide | 94-63-3 | C7H8N2O*I |
| —— | (+/-)-(1RS,4SR)acetic acid 4-acetylamido-cyclopent-2-enyl-methyl ester | 61865-50-7 | C10H15NO3 |
| —— | 10102-17-7 | H4NaO4S2 | |
| —— | 1,1'-bis(pyridinium-4-aldoxime)trimethylene dibromide | 56-97-3 | 2Br*C15H18N4O2 |
| —— | 2-(4-ammonio-4-carboxy-butyrylamino)-2-(carboxymethyl-carbamoyl)-ethylsulfanyl | 70-18-8 | C10H16N3O6S*H |
| —— | 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bis(4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridin-1-ium) chloride | 114-90-9 | C14H16Cl2N4O3 |
| —— | 1-Methyl-2-(nitrosomethylidene)-1,2-dihydropyridine--hydrogen iodide (1/1) | 94-63-3 | C7H9IN2O |
| —— | naltrexone hydrochloride | 16590-41-3 | C20H23NO4 |
| —— | naloxone hydrochloride | 357-08-4 | C19H21NO4*ClH |
| —— | naloxone | 465-65-6 | C19H21NO4 |
| —— | unithiol | 4076-02-2 | C3H7O3S3*Na |
| —— | succimer | 304-55-2 | C4H6O4S2 |
| —— | toxogonin | 114-90-9 | C14H16N4O3*2Cl |
| —— | pralidoxime iodide | 94-63-3 | C7H9N2O*I |
| —— | naltrexone hydrochloride | 465-65-6 | C19H21NO4 |
| —— | glutathion | 70-18-8 | C10H17N3O6S |
| —— | naltrexone | 16590-41-3 | C20H23NO4 |