胃腸解痙藥主要為M受體阻斷藥,簡(jiǎn)稱抗膽堿藥,包括顛茄生物堿類及其衍生物和人工合成代用品,如阿托品、山莨菪堿、東莨菪堿、顛茄、曲美布汀及丙胺太林等。
【作用機(jī)制】這類藥物主要通過減弱胃腸道的蠕動(dòng)功能,松弛食管和胃腸道括約肌,從而減慢胃排空和小腸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速度,減弱膽囊收縮并降低膽囊壓力;同時(shí)減弱結(jié)腸蠕動(dòng),減緩結(jié)腸內(nèi)容物的傳輸。
【臨床應(yīng)用】抗膽堿藥以阿托品為代表,主要用于治療胃腸道功能紊亂、緩解內(nèi)臟絞痛、急性微循環(huán)障礙以及各種感染中毒性休克,并在中毒解救中也有應(yīng)用。
| 中文名稱 | 英文名稱 | CAS號(hào) | 化學(xué)式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 辛戊胺 | Octamylamine | 502-59-0 | C13H29N |
| 莨菪堿 | L-Hyoscyamine | 101-31-5 | C17H23NO3 |
| 美貝維林 | mebeverine | 3625-06-7 | C25H35NO5 |
| 鹽酸貝那替嗪 | benactyzine hydrochloride | 57-37-4 | C20H25NO3*ClH |
| 鹽酸替扎尼定 | tizanidine hydrochloride | 64461-82-1 | C9H8ClN5S*ClH |
| 鹽酸屈他維林 | drotaverine | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4 |
| 鹽酸二苯胺乙酯 | adiphenine hydrochloride | 50-42-0 | C20H25NO2*ClH |
| 甲溴東莨菪堿 | 6<i>exo</i>,7<i>exo</i>-epoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3<i>endo</i>-DL-tropoyloxy-nortropanium; bromide | 155-41-9 | Br*C18H24NO4 |
| 甘羅溴銨 | glycopyrronium bromide | 596-51-0 | Br*C19H28NO3 |
| 獐牙菜苦甙 | swertiamarin | 17388-39-5 | C16H22O10 |
| 溴丙胺太林 | propantheline bromide | 50-34-0 | Br*C23H30NO3 |
| 替扎尼定 | tizanidine | 51322-75-9 | C9H8ClN5S |
| 戊沙溴銨 | valethamate bromide | 90-22-2 | Br*C19H32NO2 |
| 異美汀 | isometheptene | 503-01-5 | C9H19N |
| 異紫堇定鹽酸鹽 | isocorydine hydrochloride | 13552-72-2 | C20H23NO4*ClH |
| 奧芬溴銨 | oxyphenonium bromide | 50-10-2 | Br*C21H34NO3 |
| 吉法酯 | gefarnate | 51-77-4 | C27H44O2 |
| 丁溴東莨菪堿 | Scopolamine butylbromide | 149-64-4 | Br*C21H30NO4 |
| —— | n-butylscopolamine bromide | 149-64-4 | Br*C21H30NO4 |
| —— | 1-[(3,4-Diethoxyphenyl)methylene]-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride | 985-12-6 | C24H32ClNO4 |
| —— | Atropine | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | Hyoscyamine methylbromide | 2870-71-5 | C18H26BrNO3 |
| —— | Methscopolamine | 155-41-9 | C18H24NO4+ |
| —— | Methscopolamine bromide | 155-41-9 | C18H24BrNO4 |
| —— | (S)-((1R,3r,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 101-31-5 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | Pharmakon1600-01500346 | 101-31-5 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | Atropin-methobromid | 2870-71-5 | Br*C18H26NO3 |
| —— | Farnesylessigsaeure-geranylester | 51-77-4 | C27H44O2 |
| —— | 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4 |
| —— | drotaverine | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4 |
| —— | 1-(3,4-diethoxybenzylidene)-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline hydrochloride | 14009-24-6 | C24H31NO4*ClH |
| —— | Atropine methylbromide | 2870-71-5 | C18H26BrNO3 |
| —— | Hyoscyamin | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | (8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate,bromide | 2870-71-5 | Br*C18H26NO3 |
| —— | (+/-)-Atropin | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | atropine | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | hyoscyamine | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | Swertiamarin | 17388-39-5 | C16H22O10 |