脫氧核苷酸是生物體內(nèi)DNA的基本組成單位之一,由一個含氮堿基、一分子磷酸和一分子脫氧核糖構(gòu)成。脫氧核苷酸的類似物是指在結(jié)構(gòu)上進行部分或全部修飾的脫氧核苷酸化合物。
1. 脫氧核苷酸脫氧核苷酸主要分為四種類型,分別對應(yīng)DNA中的四個堿基:腺嘌呤(Adenine, A)、胞嘧啶(Cytosine, C)、鳥嘌呤(Guanine, G)和胸腺嘧啶(Thymine, T)。它們在生物體內(nèi)通過特定的酶促反應(yīng)合成,并參與DNA的復(fù)制、修復(fù)及基因表達(dá)調(diào)控等生命活動。
2. 脫氧核苷酸類似物脫氧核苷酸類似物指的是結(jié)構(gòu)上與天然脫氧核苷酸有相似之處,但其組成成分或功能有所改變的化合物。這些類似物廣泛應(yīng)用于研究DNA復(fù)制機制、細(xì)胞信號傳導(dǎo)及治療相關(guān)疾病等領(lǐng)域。
結(jié)構(gòu)修飾:常見的修飾包括在脫氧核糖上的羥基被其他官能團取代(如甲基化),堿基的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,或是引入熒光素等標(biāo)記基團。
功能應(yīng)用:
生物體內(nèi)作用:部分類似物能在特定條件下被細(xì)胞內(nèi)相關(guān)酶識別并摻入到新合成的DNA鏈中,從而影響基因組的功能和穩(wěn)定性。這種特性使得它們成為探索遺傳信息傳遞機制的重要工具。
脫氧核苷酸及其類似物的研究不僅豐富了我們對生命過程的理解,還為開發(fā)新型生物醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)品提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)支持。
| 中文名稱 | 英文名稱 | CAS號 | 化學(xué)式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2R,3S,5R)-5-(4-氨基-7H-吡咯[2,3-D]嘧啶-7-基-2 -(羥甲基)四氫呋喃-3-醇 | 2'-deoxy-7-deazaadenosine | 60129-59-1 | C11H14N4O3 |
| 非阿尿苷 | fialuridine | 69123-98-4 | C9H10FIN2O5 |
| 胸苷-5'-三磷酸 | dTTP | 365-08-2 | C10H17N2O14P3 |
| 甲硫腺苷 | 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine | 2457-80-9 | C11H15N5O3S |
| 煙酰胺核苷 | nicotinamide riboside chloride | 23111-00-4 | C11H15N2O5*Cl |
| 溴脲苷 | 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine | 59-14-3 | C9H11BrN2O5 |
| 卡培他濱 | capecitabine | 154361-50-9 | C15H22FN3O6 |
| 克拉屈濱 | 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine | 4291-63-8 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
| 克拉屈濱 | 5-(6-Amino-2-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol | 5542-92-7 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
| 保護-2'-脫氧尿苷 | DMT-dU | 23669-79-6 | C30H30N2O7 |
| 二酪氨酸 | dityrosine | 63442-81-9 | C18H20N2O6 |
| 乙去氧尿啶 | edoxudine | 15176-29-1 | C11H16N2O5 |
| N6-苯甲酰基-5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基)-2'-脫氧腺苷 | N6-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyadenosine | 64325-78-6 | C38H35N5O6 |
| N6-甲基-2'-脫氧腺苷 | N-6-methyl-2'-deoxyribofuranosil adenine | 2002-35-9 | C11H15N5O3 |
| N4-苯甲酰基-5′-O-(4,4′-二甲氧基三苯基)-2′-脫氧胞苷 | 4-N-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)cytidine | 67219-55-0 | C37H35N3O7 |
| N4-乙酰基-2'-氟脫氧胞苷 | 4-N-acetyl-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | 159414-97-8 | C11H14FN3O5 |
| N2-異丁酰基-2′-脫氧鳥苷 | N-isobutyryl-2'-deoxyguanosine | 68892-42-2 | C14H19N5O5 |
| N2-異丁酰-5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯基)-2'-脫氧鳥苷 | 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-N-isobutyryldeoxyguanosine | 68892-41-1 | C35H37N5O7 |
| N2-異丁酰-2'-甲氧基鳥苷 | N<sup>2</sup>-isobutyryl-2'-O-methylguanosine | 63264-29-9 | C15H21N5O6 |
| N-苯甲酰-2'-脫氧胞苷 | N4-benzoyl-2'-deoxycytidine | 4836-13-9 | C16H17N3O5 |
| N-乙酰基-5’-O-[雙(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2’-脫氧-2’-氟胞苷 | N<sup>4</sup>-acetyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine | 159414-98-9 | C32H32FN3O7 |
| N-乙酰基-5'-O-(4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基)-2'-脫氧胞苷 | 4-N-acetyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine | 100898-63-3 | C32H33N3O7 |
| Ac-dC 亞磷酰胺單體 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-N-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine 3'-[(2-cyanoethyl)-(N,N-diisopropyl)]phosphoramidite | 154110-40-4 | C41H50N5O8P |
| 8-溴-2'-脫氧鳥苷 | 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine | 13389-03-2 | C10H12BrN5O4 |
| 8-溴-2'-脫氧腺苷 | 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine | 14985-44-5 | C10H12BrN5O3 |
| 8-OH-脫氧鳥嘌呤 | 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine | 88847-89-6 | C10H13N5O5 |
| 7-DEAZA-2'-脫氧鳥苷 | 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine | 86392-75-8 | C11H14N4O4 |
| 6-氯嘌呤 2’-脫氧核苷 | (2R,3S,5S)-5-(6-Chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol | 4594-45-0 | C10H11ClN4O3 |
| 6-巰基嘌呤-2-脫氧核苷 | 6-mercaptopurine-2’-deoxyribose | 2239-64-7 | C10H12N4O3S |
| 5’-脫氧-5-氟胞嘧啶核苷 | 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine | 66335-38-4 | C9H12FN3O4 |
| 5’-脫氧-2’,3’-O-異亞丙基-5-氟-D-胞啶 | 5'-deoxy-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5-fluorocytidine | 66335-37-3 | C12H16FN3O4 |
| 5’-O-[雙(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2’-脫氧肌苷 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyinosine | 93778-57-5 | C31H30N4O6 |
| 5’-O-[雙(4-甲氧基苯基)(苯基)甲基]-2’-脫氧-2’-氟尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)uridine | 146954-74-7 | C30H29FN2O7 |
| 5’-O-(4,4’-二甲氧基三苯基)-N4-苯甲酰基-2’-脫氧胞苷-3’-(2-氰乙基-N,N-二異丙基)亞磷酰胺 | N4-benzoyl-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine-3-O-[O-(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-(diisopropyl)]phosphoramidite | 102212-98-6 | C46H52N5O8P |
| 5-羥甲基脫氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)uridine | 5116-24-5 | C10H14N2O6 |
| 5-碘-5-脫氧環(huán)磷腺苷 | 5'-iodo-5'-deoxyadenosine | 4099-81-4 | C10H12IN5O3 |
| 5-碘-2′,3′-二脫氧尿苷 | 5-Iodo-2',3'-dideoxyuridine | 105784-83-6 | C9H11IN2O4 |
| 5-碘-2'-脫氧胞苷 | 5-Iodo-2'-deoxycytidine | 611-53-0 | C9H12IN3O4 |
| 5-甲基-2'-脫氧胞苷 | 5-methyldeoxycytidine | 838-07-3 | C10H15N3O4 |
| 5-溴-2'-脫氧胞苷 | 5-bromo-2'-deoxycytidine | 1022-79-3 | C9H12BrN3O4 |
| 5-氯-2-脫氧尿嘧啶核苷 | 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine | 50-90-8 | C9H11ClN2O5 |
| 5-氨基腺苷酸 | 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine | 14365-44-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
| 5-O-(二甲氧基三苯甲游基)-5-碘-2-脫氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-5-iodouridine | 104375-88-4 | C30H29IN2O7 |
| 5'-腺嘌呤核苷酸 | 5'-adenosine monophosphate | 61-19-8 | C10H14N5O7P |
| 5'-氯-5'-脫氧腺苷 | 5'-deoxy-5'-chloroadenosine | 892-48-8 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
| 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,15-二十五氟-2-碘十五烷-1-醇 | beta-D-Ribofuranose, 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-5-S-methyl-5-thio- | 53458-28-9 | C11H15N5O3S |
| 3′-氟-2′,3′-二脫氧尿苷 | 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-3-fluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-uracil | 41107-56-6 | C9H11FN2O4 |
| 3-脫氧鳥苷 | 3'-deoxyguanosine | 3608-58-0 | C10H13N5O4 |
| 3-脫氧胞苷 | 3'-deoxycytidine | 7057-33-2 | C9H13N3O4 |
| 3-脫氧尿苷 | 3'-deoxyuridine | 7057-27-4 | C9H12N2O5 |